Essay On Aging - 1000 Words

Young blood reverses cognitive function and synaptic plasticity in aging Aging causes structural and functional changes in brain. As aging population has become a burden, it is essential to study aging brain aiming to maintain cognitive integrity. Previous studies indicated that young blood improves the function of stem cells in organs including brain by heterochronic parabiosis model. However, data is lacking whether regeneration or beyond occurs by this model. The authors Villeda et al., hypothesized that aged animal exposed to young blood can counteract aging process and rejuvenate brain cognitive function. Therefore, the authors conducted research to examine within molecular, structural, functional, and cognitive aspects.†¦show more content†¦Thus, young blood is capable to increase number of dendritic spine in aging dentate gyrus. The authors took extracellular electrophysiological recording to examine the functional change from hippocampus on parabionts. They found isochronic parabionts stayed at baseline level for long-term potentiation, b ut can be maintained at above baseline level in heterochronic parabionts. From these functional results, they concluded that young blood is capable to potentiate synaptic plasticity in aged mice. To understand the cognitive changes, they further used contextual fear conditioning and radial arm water maze paradigms (RAWM) to study aging effect to hippocampus related learning and memory. Mice injected with young plasma had increased freezing response in contextual, but not cued, learning and showed significant improvement on fear memory. They also exhibited enhancement in learning and memory in finding hidden platform location. On the other hand, no change was observed for aged mice and aged mice injected with aged plasma. Interestingly, these effects were reduced by heat denaturation. Thus, the heat-labile factors from young blood may rejuvenate cognitive ability for the aged mice. 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